BIM definition
A BIM methodology is a set of technologies, processes and guidelines that allow the stakeholders involved in the construction and operation of a building to collaborate in a virtual space. In addition to classical 3D modelling, it also involves the management of descriptive data (metadata) stored in the model, allowing model elements to be uniquely identified, organised and listed. This additional information ensures a modern transfer of information throughout the life cycle of the building (design, permitting, construction, operation, etc.) and the rapid and efficient visualisation and management of the data relevant to each actor.Based on Lechner Knowledge Centre
BIM standard
BIM standards standardise the use of BIM, facilitating the flow of information and collaboration.ISO 19650: International series of standards for BIM-based information management throughout the life cycle of facilities.Format standards (IFC): Open file format for exchanging BIM data between different software, ensuring interoperability.Other standards: standards in different areas (e.g. data transfer, geometric modelling, budgeting) that complement ISO 19650 and IFC.BIM standards are key to digitisation, ensuring the reliability of information and the success of projects.
BIM history
Following early digital building models, in 1975 Charles Eastman published a paper describing a prototype called the Building Description System (BDS), which discussed the ideas of parametric design, high quality, predictable 3D representations, "with a single integrated database for visual and quantitative analysis". Eastman's paper basically described BIM as we know it today.
Robert Aish first documented the use of the term 'Building Modelling' in a paper published in 1986.
In 1995, the International Foundation Class (IFC) file format was developed to allow data to flow between platforms - essentially making the file compatible with different BIM programs. Since 2013, it has been an official international standard, ISO 16739. In January 2019, ISO published the first two parts of ISO 19650, which moves BIM from the modelling to the information management level at the standards level.